If you can find been a person immutable rule through American television heritage, it's been regional information. Pretty much from the moment the station 1st signed on air, they commenced carrying nearby news where by sports constantly performed An important function. A lack of reliable programming resources in these early many years led a lot of stations to show to sporting activities to fill their broadcasting schedules. New York's WNBT television signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its 1st broadcast was a professional baseball sport ("NBC Historical past", 2003). When producing local newscasts to fit their audience, these stations generally involved sporting activities and temperature. For instance, in 1961 WKMG started out its 1st whole-time information Section in Orlando. Newscasts include things like Frank Vaught's sporting activities experiences ("The history of," 2003).
Sports have held a dominant position in local information broadcasting for quite a few years, but recent industry trends have called into question this position. Segmented audiences, changing demographics, and declining information profitability have compelled the station to reexamine its area sporting activities section. “Sporting activities is one of the last parts of Tv set the place folks do items the way in which they usually have,” says tv government Elliott Wiser. “(Right now) a brand new approach is necessary” (Deggans, 2000).
Dilemma for Neighborhood TV Information
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Task for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 2/three가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 9월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 seven% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and Television News Director’s Affiliation(“Modifying channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). TV 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 four~5개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Problem for Community Television Sporting activities
None of this is Great news for that neighborhood television athletics sector, and that is progressively less than scrutiny from station execs. Even with its classic presence within local newscasts, sports have lengthy been thought of a "tuning" component. In accordance with a survey via the Radio and tv Information Directors Basis, only 31% of viewers said they ended up 'extremely fascinated' in sports and 32% have been 'somewhat intrigued' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to seventy two% who expressed interest while in the temperature. "Sports activities are particularly polarizing." said television information consultant Brent Magid. “The majority can acknowledge, go away, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Research have demonstrated that Women of all ages are far considerably less serious about sports activities than Gentlemen (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and a lot of stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early evening newscasts. In line with station information director Jim Church, "Telling a Tale when no one is listening just isn't a fantastic usage of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have removed the sport, while others have lowered their allotted time. Dependant upon the working day of your 7 days (weekends have much more sports activities time), sports activities segments have ordinarily gained concerning a few and 5 minutes of area information protection. Given that selection is right down to a couple of minute. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Lower time for sports activities by just three along with a fifty percent minutes for three several hours of stories. Some others from the field have executed new techniques, for instance athletics stories that concentrate more on people today than scores or cater to the broader information audience. "What we're endeavoring to do now could be take care of athletics as news," says KDKA information director Al Blinke. “We want to do some thing beyond sporting activities” (Finder, 2002).
Dialogue
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Television 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Modifications in local sporting activities could possibly be a reflection of your remarkable upheaval going on all over broadcast news. If the athletics sector is not Harmless, How about other news things? CBS Group Information Vice President Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) reported, “[All of this] forces us to reexamine the [information] model.”
On a far 스포츠중계 more instant amount, adjustments in the regional sports sector specifically impact Many aspiring sportscasters. Stations which might be reducing their motivation to sports will also be reducing their sports activities workforce concentrations, which impacts the job market. One more information director said, "[Athletics on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two comprehensive-time sportsmen to one entire-time, one accountable for the information three days every week, and it absolutely was a fight to stay there.”
Equally significant, changes in the best way athletics are introduced are forcing sports broadcasters to find out new approaches. No more can sportscasters focus on scoring. They've to produce the presentation additional partaking for normal fans. This really is also crucial for journalism universities across the nation, which need to document what stations want in the sports activities sector and update their instruction curricula.
Will these alterations get the job done or persist? Athletics journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented to the improve in KDKA, “Enable’s reserve remaining judgment right until September, in the event the Steelers, college or university, and highschool soccer seasons start off in earnest. Then the station might be . You can find an mistake in clock administration.”